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The Nottoway (in their own language ''Cheroenhaka'') are an Iroquoian-language tribe of Virginia Indians. The Nottoway Indian Tribe of Virginia and the Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe have both been recognized as tribes by the state of Virginia. The Nottoway Indian Tribe of Virginia live from Southampton County into Surry County and the Tidewater region,〔(Nottoway Indian Tribe of Virginia, Inc. ), Nottoway Indian Tribe of Virginia, Inc.〕 and the Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe live in Southampton County and surrounding counties in Virginia and North Carolina.〔(Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe ), Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe〕 Since colonial times, treaties by regional government with the Nottoway attested to their presence as a distinct people. Both contemporary tribes received state recognition in February 2010.〔(SJ12 Nottoway Indian Tribe; extending state recognition thereto and grants representation on VCI. ), Legislative Information System〕〔(SJ127 Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe; extending state recognition thereto, representation on VCI. ), Legislative Information System〕 Among several Virginia tribes that were deprived of their land during the colonial era, they are not federally recognized. ==Name== The meaning of the name ''Cheroenhaka'' (Tuscarora: ''Čiruʼęhá·ka·ʼ''〔Rudes, Blair A. ''Tuscarora English Dictionary'' Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999〕) is uncertain. (It has been spelled in various ways: ''Cherohakah'', ''Cheroohoka'' or ''Tcherohaka''.) The late Iroquoian scholar Dr. Blair Rudes analyzed the second element as ''-hakaʼ'' meaning "one or people who is/are characterized in a certain way". He conjectured that the first element of the name was related to the Tuscarora term ''čárhuʼ'' (meaning tobacco, as both tribes used this in ceremonies).〔Rudes, Blair, ''Sketch of the Nottoway Language from a Historical-Comparative Perspective'', University of Chicago Press, 1981.〕 The term has also been interpreted as "People at the Fork of the Stream".〔(Cheroenhaka Nottoway Indian Tribe History )〕 The term ''Nottoway'' may derive from ''Nadawa'' or ''Nadowessioux'' (widely translated as "poisonous snake"), an Algonquian-language term which speakers used to refer to members of competing language families, specifically the Iroquoian- or Siouan-speaking tribes. Because the Algonquian occupied the coastal areas, they were the first tribes met by the English. The colonists often adopted use of such Algonquian ethnonyms, names for other tribes, not realizing at first that these differed from the tribes' autonyms or names for themselves. Frank Siebert suggests the term ''natowewa'' stems from Proto-Algonquian '' *na:tawe:wa'' and refers to the eastern ''massasauga'' or pit viper in the Great Lakes region. The extension of the meaning as "Iroquoian speakers" is secondary. In Algonquian languages beyond the geographical range of the viper (i.e. Cree and Southern Algonquian), the term's primary reference continues to focus on '' *na:t-'' 'close upon, mover towards, go after, seek out, fetch' and '' *-awe:'' 'condition of heat, state of warmth,' but no longer refers to the viper. Instead, particularly in the South, the 'Iroquoian' designation is primary. The semantic meaning may not relate to snakes at all, but refer to the cultural trading position of the Virginia-Carolina Iroquois as middle men between Algonquian and Siouan speakers. Other historical developments in Algonquian languages extend the meaning of '' *-awe'' to 'fur or hair' (i.e. Cree, Montagnais, Ojibway, Shawnee), an obvious relationship to 'state of warmth.' A potential etymology in Virginia of '' *na:tawe:wa'' (Nottoway) refers to '' *na:t-'' 'seeker' + ''-awe:'' 'fur,'〔Siebert, Frank T. 1996 ''Anthropological Linguistics'' Vol.38, No.4, pp.635–642.〕 or literally 'traders'〔Woodard, Buck (2010). ''Ethnographic View of the Nottoway, 1700–1750''〕 The earliest colonial Virginia reference to "Nottoway" also frames Algonquian/Iroquoian exchanges in terms of trade: roanoke (shell beads) for skins (deer and otter).〔Bland, Edward (1650). ''The Discovery of New Brittaine''〕 The Algonquian speakers also referred to the Nottoway, Meherrin and Tuscarora (also of the Iroquoian-language family) as ''Mangoak'' or ''Mangoags'', a term which English colonists used in their records from 1584 to 1650. This term, ''Mengwe'' or ''Mingwe'', was transliterated by the Dutch and applied to the Iroquoian Susquehannock ("White ''Minquas''") and Erie ("Black ''Minquas''"). Another variation was the later ''Mingo'', which referred to descendants of remnant tribes who had been partly assimilated into the Six Nations of the Iroquois and later migrated into Ohio and the Midwest. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nottoway people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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